Please read the following carefully. Here are the steps you must follow:

• Please see the reviewers' comments for your paper at your author portal, which must be addressed.
• If the reviewers' comments have not been addressed, your paper will not be included in the Springer Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Use the template to answer reviewers' queries/comments: Reviewer response template .
• Prepare your final manuscript according to the Springer template in Word or LaTeX.

  Word template: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wL7pAS59eJVFdtKJ3Pn8ktpPT76oKLJn/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=114584056765148619172&rtpof=true&sd=true

  LaTeX template: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_Z9CKS79NN026_1kwTenI6KFPUyDc8h9/view?usp=sharing

• Write the author's name properly and sequentially. Do not include Dr./Prof./Graduate Student/Mr./Ms. etc. in the names.
• Affiliations must include department, institute, address with zip code, and all authors' valid email addresses. Mark the corresponding author.
• Abstract must be concise and accurate with a word limit between 150 and 200 words.
• Check the English of your paper by an expert or native speaker for clarity and readability.
• Ensure no part of the paper is copied from other sources. Similarity must be less than 15% overall and less than 5% from a single source (exclude references). AI content must be below 20%.
• Ensure all images/illustrations are created by you with proper permissions. Use clear, high-resolution figures with readable text.
• Check formatting, spelling, punctuation, fonts, and numbering for sections, figures, tables, and references.
• Acknowledgment section is optional; keep it concise.
• All references must be cited in the paper and formatted in Springer style, including DOI where available.
• If referencing a web link, include the access date and page title.
• The camera-ready length is 12–15 pages; up to 16 pages if needed to address reviewers' comments.

Please read the following carefully. Here are the steps you must follow:

• Please see the reviewers' comments for your paper at your author portal, which must be addressed.
• If the reviewers' comments have not been addressed, your paper will not be included in the Taylor and Francis Book. Use the template to answer reviewers' queries/comments: Reviewer response template .
• You must prepare your manuscript in LaTeX format. Download the LaTeX template: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aeONvST-BcX_VGjNAI8PZ53NSV-4NTrK/view?usp=sharing
• Usage guidelines: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HSkm5gdpKtVS6CPpFtkIdoDq3s7sMJtD/view?usp=sharing
• Compiled PDF sample: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gSVVfdGtWtsTNPSFeW5JFCdwyDlqkbJ0/view?usp=sharing
• Write the author's name properly and sequentially. Do not include Dr./Prof./Graduate Student/Mr./Ms. etc. in the names.
• Affiliations must include department, institute, address with zip code, and all authors' valid email addresses. Mark the corresponding author.
• Abstract must be concise and accurate with a word limit between 150 and 250 words.
• Check the English of your paper by an expert or native speaker for clarity and readability.
• Ensure no part of the paper is copied from other sources. Similarity must be less than 15% overall and less than 5% from a single source (exclude references). AI content must be below 20%.
• Ensure all images/illustrations are created by you with proper permissions. Use clear, high-resolution figures with readable text.
• Check formatting, spelling, punctuation, fonts, and numbering for sections, figures, tables, and references.
• Acknowledgment section is optional; keep it concise.
• All references must be cited in the paper and formatted in Springer style, including DOI where available.
• If referencing a web link, include the access date and page title.
• The camera-ready length is 15–20 pages.